Worldwide Income 2024 — Thailand's New Foreign-Source Income Rule
Since 1 Jan 2024, Thai tax residents (≥180 days) must include foreign-source income remitted to Thailand in the assessable year — regardless of when it was earned.
Worldwide Income 2024 — Thailand's New Foreign-Source Income Rule
Effective tax year 2024 (Departmental Orders Por.161/2566 & Por.162/2566), Thai tax residents who stay ≥180 days owe Thai income tax on any foreign-source income remitted into Thailand, no matter when it was earned. Income earned before 1 Jan 2024 still follows the old rule — taxable only if remitted in the same year it was earned.
- Effective Date
- 1 January 2024 (assessable year 2024 onward)
- Legal Basis
- Por.161/2566 + Por.162/2566 + Sec. 41(2) Revenue Code
- Tax Residency Test
- ≥180 days in Thailand in the tax year
- Scope
- All Sec. 40(1)-(8) income arising outside Thailand
- Tax Rate
- 0–35% progressive + Foreign Tax Credit under DTA
- Filing
- PND.90 by 31 March of the following year
Who this is for
- Foreigners on LTR/DTV/Non-B/Retirement visas staying >180 days
- Thais working remotely for foreign companies and remitting to Thailand
- Investors with foreign dividends, interest, or capital gains
- Digital nomads or crypto traders based in Thailand
- Multinational employees receiving stock options/RSUs from foreign HQ
Key Rules
- 1
1. Who is a Tax Resident
Count all calendar days physically present in Thailand in the calendar year (Jan 1–Dec 31). Both arrival and departure dates count fully. Verify via Immigration records or TM.6 stamps.
- 2
2. Foreign-Source Income Defined
Income arising outside Thailand — foreign salaries, freelance fees, dividends, interest, rent, royalties, capital gains on stocks/crypto, pensions, and qualifying gifts/inheritances.
- 3
3. Remittance Principle
Tax triggers when funds are brought into Thailand (cash imports, bank transfers; foreign credit cards paid from foreign accounts don't count). Por.162 confirms income earned before 31 Dec 2023 is exempt whenever remitted.
- 4
4. Foreign Tax Credit (FTC)
Tax paid at source can be credited against Thai tax under the relevant DTA, capped at the Thai tax due on that income. Requires a certified Tax Payment Certificate translated into Thai.
- 5
5. LTR Visa Exemption
LTR holders (Wealthy Global Citizen / Wealthy Pensioner / Work-from-Thailand Professional) are exempt from Thai tax on foreign income remitted to Thailand, per Royal Decree No. 743/2565.
- 6
6. Documentation Required
Keep originating + destination bank statements, payslips, employment contracts, trade confirmations, K-1/1099/W-2/P60 and foreign tax returns for at least 5 years.
- 7
7. Filing & Payment
File PND.90 (not PND.91 — multiple income types) via Revenue Department e-Filing by 31 March (extended to 8 April for e-Filing) of the following year.
Worked Examples
Mr. A stays 220 days in Thailand (2024), earns £6,000/month from a UK firm, remits monthly via Wise→Kasikorn (~£48,000 ≈ THB 2.05M). Treated as Sec. 40(1) income, deducts 50% expense cap (THB 100k) + personal allowance THB 60k + SSO. Estimated Thai tax ~THB 320k. UK PAYE tax credited under UK-Thailand DTA up to the Thai liability on that income.
Mrs. B stays 250 days, receives US$20,000 dividends from Apple/MSFT (15% US WHT = US$3,000), nets US$17,000 (~THB 620k) into Thailand. Must report gross US$20,000 as Sec. 40(4)(b) income; the US$3,000 WHT (~THB 109,500) is creditable under the US-Thailand DTA.
Mr. C is full-year resident, sold a Sydney house in 2023 for AUD 800,000, parked the proceeds in Australia, then remitted AUD 500,000 in Aug 2024. Per Por.162, income earned before 1 Jan 2024 is exempt whenever remitted. Must retain Settlement Statement + bank records to prove the income date.
Common Pitfalls
- Using a foreign credit card in Thailand paid from a foreign account — RD may still treat as remittance
- Selling crypto on Binance/Coinbase and withdrawing THB — Sec. 40(4)(ฌ) income at 0–35% progressive, not flat 15%
- Miscounting days — airside transit <24h doesn't count, but clearing immigration does
- Failing to keep foreign tax certificates — total loss of Foreign Tax Credit
- LTR visa expiring mid-year — days after expiry lose the exemption
FAQ
If I stay 179 days, do I owe Thai tax on foreign income?
No — you must be present ≥180 days in the calendar year to be a Thai tax resident under Sec. 41(3).
What if I keep the money in a Singapore account and never remit?
No Thai tax arises while the funds stay offshore. Revenue Department orders Por.161/2566 and Por.162/2566 keep the remittance basis, so foreign-source income becomes taxable in the year it is actually brought into Thailand, not the year it was earned abroad.
Is pre-1 Jan 2024 income taxable?
Foreign income that arose before 1 January 2024 is carved out by Revenue Department order Por.162/2566 and stays untaxed even if remitted later. Keep bank statements, contracts or sale documents proving the date the income arose, because the burden of proof sits with the taxpayer.
Are LTR visa holders exempt?
Royal Decree No. 743 (B.E. 2565 / 2022) exempts remitted foreign-source income for three LTR categories: Wealthy Global Citizen, Wealthy Pensioner and Work-from-Thailand Professional. Highly-Skilled Professionals instead pay a flat 17% on Thai employment income rather than progressive rates.
Which form do I file?
File PND.90, the return that covers multiple income categories, rather than PND.91 which is salary-only. The paper deadline is 31 March of the following year, and the Revenue Department usually extends e-Filing into early April — check the current year's announcement before relying on it.
How much Foreign Tax Credit can I claim?
The credit is capped at the Thai tax computed on that same income and is further limited by the applicable double tax agreement. Excess foreign tax cannot be refunded or carried forward, so keep foreign tax receipts with certified Thai translations to support the claim.
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